YouTube/TikTok recommend increasingly extreme content to maintain your "Watch Time".
Example: Fitness ➔ Masculinism ➔ Alt-Right ➔ White Supremacy.
In a few weeks, a normal user is exposed to fringe ideologies presented as the "Hidden Truth".
🐇 ⬇️ 🕳️
09. TRUTH VS VIRALITY
BRANDOLINI'S LAW
"The amount of energy needed to refute bullshit is an order of magnitude bigger than to produce it."
A Fake News story about immigration or gender gets 1M views in 2h.
Fact-Checking arrives 2 days later and gets 5k views. The damage is done.
Propagation Speed
TRUTH
LIE (EMOTION)
10. RESISTANCE
THE BACKFIRE EFFECT
The Paradox: When you present facts that contradict someone's core beliefs, they do not change their mind. They double down.
The brain processes an ideological attack like a physical attack.
Correction feels like persecution. This explains why Fact-Checking rarely convinces those who need it most.
🧠
FACT ➔
11. PERCEPTION ERROR
OUT-GROUP HOMOGENEITY
We vs They: We see our own group as diverse and nuanced individuals.
We see the opposing group as a monolithic block: "They are all the same."
The Danger: This cognitive bias leads to dehumanization. It is easier to hate a stereotype than a complex human being.
MY GROUP
😀🧐🤓😎
(Diverse)
THEIR GROUP
🤖🤖🤖🤖
(The Same)
12. AMBIGUITY
POE'S LAW
The Theory: Without a clear indicator of the author's intent, it is impossible to create a parody of extreme views so obviously exaggerated that it cannot be mistaken for the real thing.
Online Consequence: Irony is dead. Actual extremists use "it's just a joke" as a shield, while satire is taken as literal truth by radicalized followers.
JOKE
?
HATE
13. CASE STUDY: X
THE TOXIC SQUARE
Since the acquisition by Musk, X (Twitter) has removed guardrails.
Reinstatement of neo-Nazis and conspiracy theorists.
The "For You" algorithm favors visual controversies.
X has become the focal point for coordinating riots in the UK (2024) and Ireland.
𝕏
14. CONSEQUENCES
STOCHASTIC TERRORISM
Online hate does not remain virtual.
Definition: Bombarding a large audience with violent rhetoric, knowing statistically that an unstable individual will act on it.
Examples: Attacks on migrant centers, assaults on elected officials, mass shootings. Perpetrators often have a heavy digital history.
BREAKING NEWS
VIOLENCE ERUPTS IN CITY CENTER
LIVE COVERAGE 🔴
15. FINAL
GAME OVER ?
Democracy relies on compromise. Social media is optimized for intransigence.
Solutions? Algorithmic regulation (DSA Europe)? End of anonymity? Education?
As long as the business model is based on emotional engagement, discord will continue.